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What does period pain feel like?Period pain , also called dysmenorrhoea, is common. It can prevent some people from doing their normal activities. People experience period pain differently. It can range from mild to severe. You might feel cramping, aching or heaviness. You might feel it in the lower part of your abdomen, your lower back or your legs. What causes period pain?There are 2 types of period pain — primary dysmenorrhoea and secondary dysmenorrhoea. Primary dysmenorrhoeaThis type of period pain can be a normal but uncomfortable part of your menstrual cycle. It is caused by chemicals called prostaglandins, which are naturally made in the lining of your uterus (womb). They trigger contractions of the muscles of your uterus during your period. If you have this type of pain, you may have higher levels of prostaglandins. This can make your contractions stronger and more painful. This is the most common type of period pain and usually develops within a few years of your first period. Secondary dysmenorrhoeaThis type of period pain is caused by an underlying health condition, such as:
How is period pain treated?If you have secondary dysmenorrhoea, it’s best to treat the underlying cause. There is a range of treatments you can try to help with period pain. Pain relieving medicinesAnti-inflammatory medicines such as ibuprofen, mefenamic acid and naproxen stop your body from producing prostaglandins. They work best if you start taking them as soon as the pain starts, or 48 hours before you expect to get your period. They are available over the counter from a pharmacy. They may not be suitable for everyone, so speak to your pharmacist first to check whether they are safe for you. Remember to take anti-inflammatories with food. Paracetamol can also help for mild cramps. Stronger pain relieving medicines containing codeine are only available with a prescription from a doctor. Hormone treatmentsTo help you manage period pain in the longer term, your doctor might prescribe the combined oral contraceptive pill or the contraceptive vaginal ring. They may make your periods less painful. Check with your doctor about using them continuously for a few months at a time, so that you get periods less often. Long acting contraceptives, such as the progestogen implant or hormonal intrauterine device (IUD), can also reduce period pain. Many people who use these find that their periods become lighter or stop. You can use a hormonal treatment together with pain relieving medicines. Other pain relief optionsSome people find relief from:
When should I see a doctor?If your pain lasts just for the first 1 or 2 days of your period, goes away with pain relieving medicines and doesn’t stop you doing your usual activities, it is probably normal. See your doctor if:
It can help to keep a diary of your pain, bleeding and any other symptoms. It can help you tell your doctor about your symptoms. Try this symptom diary. ASK YOUR DOCTOR — Preparing for an appointment? Use the Question Builder for general tips on what to ask your GP or specialist. Support and resourcesYou can read more about managing period pain at:
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