How long should you wait to eat after taking a probiotic

Because there is a lot of confusion concerning this subject and even many practitioners still recommend taking probiotics on an empty stomach, let’s try to find out what is the best time of the day to ingest them.

Since we know that the more acidic the stomach is the more harmful it can be for the probiotic bacteria, the answer to the above question is very simple - we should take probiotics when the stomach is less acidic.

Stomach acidity is described in terms of pH - the lower the pH in the stomach the higher the acidity, whereas higher pH means that the stomach is less acidic and more friendly for the probiotic bacteria.

Unfortunately, many people including nutritionists and physicians still tend to believe that empty stomach is less acidic than when it is filled with food but in fact the opposite is true.

It is not a good idea to take probiotics on an empty stomach due to the very low pH (stomach is more acidic) which makes the bacteria less likely to survive. During a fasting state (when the stomach is empty), the stomach is more acidic with a pH around 2. After a meal, the pH of the stomach rises to a value of around 4-6 (depending on type of food) which is much less acidic and close to neutral (7). As a result, there is a much higher chance the probiotics will survive.

Of course, stomach acidity during the meal can be influenced also by the type of food we consume as unrefined plant foods are mostly alkaline while high-protein animal foods (meat, dairy, eggs, fish, etc.) and some stimulants such as coffee are acidic or very acidic. In addition, unrefined plant foods contain fibre which probiotics feed on in the intestines and therefore it also helps them to thrive in the gut.

Researchers found that probiotics taken shortly before or at the beginning of a meal, survived in much higher numbers than if taken 30 minutes after a meal (>). In addition, they also discovered that probiotics taken with food containing healthy fats (seeds, nuts, avocado, olives, cold-pressed olive oil, raw coconut oil, flax oil, etc.) had the greatest survival rates.

It is also important to keep in mind that after leaving the stomach, probiotics have to cope with intestinal acidity. And, that is another reason to ingest them with a meal (especially fatty unrefined plant foods) as it makes also intestines less acidic helping the bacteria to survive.

How long should you wait to eat after taking a probiotic

In addition, when bacteria travel through the intestines mixed with healthy food then also the bile and pancreatic enzymes increase the intestinal pH making the environment more alkaline and friendly for probiotics that are able to multiply and recolonise the small intestine where they can make absorbable vitamin B12 and other B vitamins, various enzymes such as lactase and protect intestinal walls. It is very beneficial for our health to help probiotics to colonise at the border between small and large intestines because the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, & K) are absorbed there and digestive enzymes are recycled.


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  • Probiotics for Mental Health. Stress & the Gut-Brain Axis

References

  • Tompkins TA, Mainville I, Arcand Y. The impact of meals on a probiotic during transit through a model of the human upper gastrointestinal tract. Beneficial Microbes. 2011 Dec 1;2(4):295-303. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22146689/)

Sources

  • https://www.drzembroski.com/why-taking-probiotics-on-an-empty-stomach-is-a-bad-idea/
  • https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016643281830994X
  • Images: Probiotics vector created by macrovector - www.freepik.com
  • Image by senivpetro on Freepik

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Photographed by Megan Madden.

Maybe you already have a favorite probiotic supplement. Or maybe you haven't been able to find an option that works for you just yet. Either way, there may be a simple trick to boosting the effectiveness of the healthy bugs: taking them at the right time.

No need to set an alarm. To figure out when to take your probiotic supplement, consider your meal schedule, says Raphael Kellman, M.D., the author of The Microbiome Breakthrough. He suggests aiming to swallow them before or as you eat breakfast or at night before bed.

Why? “When you eat, there is a natural increase in digestive enzymes and bile salt production as your digestive system prepares to, well, digest your food," explains Gregor Reid, Ph.D., the chief scientist at the probiotic company Seed. Those enzymes and bile salts can kill the bacteria in your probiotics long before they ever get to your small and large intestines, where their real work is done. Taking the supplements when you're not digesting food (and therefore there are lower levels of these substances in your stomach)increases the chances that the bugs will survive their transit intact so they can influence your health. For these reasons, taking your supps after a meal might be a mistake, but before or as you start eating is an optimal window.

Studies back this up. One team of researchers found that the common bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have the best chances of survival when taken up to 30 minutes before a meal. It noted that those taken 30 minutes after munching didn't survive in high numbers. 

But most experts agree that consistency is more important than timing. Aim to take your probiotics around the same time every day. "Probiotics are transient microbes,” Reid says. They pass through your colon, benefiting you as they interact with other bacteria along the way, but then ultimately leave your body. So, you need to constantly replenish your supply, he says. "This is why continuous intake is important.”

What not to eat after taking probiotics?

Foods That Interfere with Probiotics.
Carbonated Drinks. Whether you are binging on regular or diet sodas, neither are good for your gut health. ... .
Processed Foods and Probiotics. ... .
GMO Products. ... .
Red Meat. ... .
Gluten-Rich Foods and Probiotics. ... .
Refined Oils. ... .
Dairy Foods and Probiotics. ... .
Tap Water..

What happens if you take probiotics with food?

“By consuming your probiotic with food, you provide a buffering system for the supplement and ensure its safe passage through the digestive tract,” he says. “Plus, aside from protection, food also provides your probiotic with the proper nourishment it needs to survive, grow, and multiply once in your gut.”

Is it better to take a probiotic in the morning or at night?

The ideal time to take probiotics is right before bed because "the gut is pretty inactive at night. If you think about it, you don't usually wake up in the middle of the night to poop,” says Patricia Raymond, MD, a board-certified doctor in both gastroenterology and internal medicine.

Is it OK to take probiotics on an empty stomach?

Seeing as acid is stimulated by consumption of food, it is thought that taking probiotics on an empty stomach (mainly first thing in the morning) is better because there is less residual acid in the stomach.