How does aerobic exercise help prevent cardiovascular diseases quizlet

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Aerobic exercisereduces the risk for cardiovascular disease by strengthening the heart muscle and improving the respiratory system. It can also improve blood lipids profile by reducing triglycerides and increasing HDL levels. Research indicates that regular activity for about 150 min per week combined with a healthy diet can delay the onset of/help manage type 2 diabetes. Cancer researchers believe that one quarter to more than one third of cancer cases could be prevented by a healthier lifestyle and environmental choices. Regular physical activity is linked to lower risks of cancers of the breast as well as of the colon and the rectum. As individuals age, it is particularly important to perform regular strengthening exercises for maintaining bone health and preventing osteoporosis, especially among women. This disease increases the risk of fractures among the elderly, and it is important to note that elderly people who stay active have denser bones than those who are sedentary. The benefits of physical activity go far beyond prevention of chronic diseases though. Young, healthy people, who might not be concerned with chronic disease prevention, can reap the benefits of regular physical activity and enhance their quality of life. For example, moderate activity can improve the immune system and reduce inflammation and susceptibility to infection, while extremely vigorous activity without sufficient recovery can have the opposite effect and increase susceptibility to diseases like the common cold or the flu. Additional benefits of regular physical activity include higher self-esteem and improved mental capabilities. Exercise can improve intellectual health, such as grades while in school as well as help prevent dementia later in life. And lastly, physical activity is linked to longevity.

Alcohol effects are varied based on the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream. It is important to understand that the concentration of alcohol in the blood can be a measure that predicts the effects of alcohol and, therefore, defines intoxication. The amount of alcohol present in blood, measured in grams of alcohol per deciliter of blood, is the blood alcohol concentration (BAC). A concentration of 0.08 indicates the person has 8 parts of alcohol per 10,000 parts blood in the body. A person with a 0.08 BAC is considered legally intoxicated. This level of alcohol concentration in the blood is not just determined by the amount of alcohol consumed, but by factors such as height, weight, sex, food consumption, and emotional state. Researchers have demonstrated that 0.08 BAC impairs driving skills. The chances of a driver being involved in a fatal accident rises rapidly when BAC is over 0.08%. In the United States, driving under the influence of alcohol causes about 11,000 deaths a year; therefore, it is important to understand the connection between BAC and impairment.

The health benefits of quitting tobacco use are many, including a reduced risk of developing cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, larynx, pancreas, bladder, and cervix; and a reduced risk of peripheral artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary heart disease, and ulcers. The sense of taste and smell improve too, and many exsmokers have more energy and sleep better. Mannie, Charlotte, Maria, and Bart want to quit smoking. Mannie's strategy is to use nicotine gum. Charlotte's strategy is to take Chantix. Maria's strategy is to use therapy to identify the situations in which she craves a cigarette. Bart's strategy is to quit cold turkey using his strong willpower, but not change his other habits.

Which of these four is not taking steps that are more likely to help him or her to quit smoking?

1. When an antigen such as a virus enters the body, the body reacts by producing antibodies that are matched to the particular antigen in order to destroy or weaken it. This process is a component of an intricate system called humoral immunity. In cell-mediated immunity, specific white blood cells (macrophages and lymphocytes) are the key players. Two forms of lymphocytes are involved in the immune response: B cells and T cells. The T cells work in few different ways; helper T cells activate B cells to produce antibodies. In addition, they activate other T cells and macrophages. In contrast, killer T cells attack malignant or infected cells, and suppressor T cells turn off or restrain the activity of B cells, killer T cells, and macrophages. Finally, memory T and B cells are created. These cells will recognize the virus if it appears again, and the specific immune response will be able to respond quickly and efficiently. Weakened forms of the virus are found in vaccinations, which are introduced to the body in order to stimulate the specific immune response and create antibodies, memory B cells, and memory T cells.

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